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Three changes and three major events in the current reform and development of the construction industry

Wang Tiehong

The role of the construction industry in the national economy is very prominent,2016The total annual output value reached19.36Trillion yuan, more than practitioners5185Ten thousand people, is a veritable pillar industry. The construction industry is undergoing a comprehensive upgrade of industrial modernization, including assembly, informatization, standardization, greening, and integration of design and construction. Next, we will also pay close attention to“The Belt and Road Initiative”Internationalization of strategy and capitalization with the power of capital.

To sum up, the current reform and development of the construction industry is facing three comprehensive and profound changes, namely, the technological path, the market model and the reform of government supervision. Along with the three changes, there are three major events that have a broad and far-reaching impact on the construction industry, and that is the world's major events.-"The Belt and Road Initiative”Strategy, National Events——Planning and Construction of Xiongan New Area and Industry Events——How to increase confidence.

Profound changes in the path of construction technology——Vigorously develop prefabricated buildings

Why China should develop factory prefabricated buildings. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction" pointed out: It is necessary to vigorously promote prefabricated buildings, reduce construction waste and dust pollution, shorten the construction period, and improve project quality. Develop prefabricated building design, construction and acceptance specifications. Improve the standard of parts and components and realize the factory production of building parts and components. Encourage construction enterprises to assemble construction and on-site assembly. Construction of a national assembly building production base. Increase policy support and strive to achieve10In about the year, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings has reached30%.

China's existing construction technology path (hereinafter referred to“traditional technology”) formed in1982year, I .e., reinforced concrete cast-in-place system, also known“wet operation”. Objectively speaking, although the cast-in-place reinforced concrete system has made a great contribution to the rapid development of urban and rural construction, its disadvantages are also very prominent: first, extensive, serious waste of steel and cement; second, excessive water consumption; third, dirty and chaotic construction sites, Poor, often an important source of urban inhalable particulate matter; fourth, the common quality problems are serious, cracking and leakage problems are prominent; fifth, labor costs are soaring, recruitment is difficult, management is difficult, quality control is difficult, this is precisely the most essential. This shows that the traditional technology has to be changed, coupled with the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, we must speed up the transformation and vigorously develop factory prefabricated buildings.

After nearly.10After years of hard work, China's factory-based assembly buildings have made breakthroughs, some of which are already in the leading position in the world. In summary, there are3One is the reinforced concrete prefabricated buildings represented by Vanke and Yuanda Housing (PC). This model is suitable for a wide range of multi-storey, small high-rise office, residential buildings, in the traditional technical framework and frame shear based on the focus on exterior wall panels, interior wall panels, floor panels and other parts, parts of the rate.40%~50%, and extended to the integration of on-site decoration, the cost is further compressed, has been close to the cost of traditional technology, can do about5Day to build a layer. The second is the southeast grid, China Construction steel structure, etc. as the representative of the steel structure prefabricated assembly building. This model is suitable for high-rise super high-rise office and hotel buildings, and some of them are applied to residential buildings. On the basis of the core tube of traditional technology, it focuses on the factorization of steel structure components as much as possible, and also extends to the integration of on-site decoration.30%~40%, emphasizing the integration rate. The third is the all-steel prefabricated assembly building represented by the large factory sustainable building. This model is suitable for high-rise office, hotel and apartment buildings. It completely replaces traditional technology and is more energy-efficient (80%), steel (10%~30%), Section Concrete (60%~70%), water saving (90%), the ratio of parts is80%~90%. The parts are made in the factory and decorated in place in one step, installed quickly on site, highly standardized and integrated, so that the cost is more compressed than traditional technology.1/4~1/3It can be built every day.1~2layers, implementing“Section 6-Environmental Protection”, in line with the concept of circular economy, good, economical and fast. In a sense, this reflects the transformation from extensive construction industry to high-end manufacturing industry, which is a profound change in the transformation and development of construction industry. Sustainable building is a part of the whole steel structure, integration, the use of similar standard container transport, shipping costs greatly reduced, can break the bottleneck of the general assembly building transport radius.

analyzed3A kind of assembly mode, is to explain, this assembly type is not the assembly type, this should have a comprehensive dialectical thinking. Each market segmentation, each has its own characteristics and limitations. It must be pointed out that to this day, some comrades in the industry are still prone to misunderstandings, that is, the modernization of the construction industry is simply equal to assembly, assembly is simply equalPCThis perception is wrong and incomplete.

We have made a comprehensive analysis of the construction and installation costs of prefabricated buildings and traditional buildings, and concluded the following conclusions:80~120Floor super high-rise building, according to the current reinforced concrete core tube+The total contract price for the completion of the steel structure after traditional technical construction and simple installation is about.14500Yuan/Square Meters~16000Yuan/Square meters (comprehensive statistics), year-on-year, all-steel assembly building set delivery price can be saved.1/3. Two is right.30~70For high-rise buildings, the total contract price for the completion of traditional technology averages about.5500Yuan/Square Meters~6500Yuan/About square meters (sampling statistics), year-on-year, steel assembly construction costs can be saved.1/4. Three is right.20~30The use of steel assembly can also save some space (approx.1/6). And20~30floor and below residential buildings, duePCThe increase in the amount of promotion and the further reduction of costs, coupled with the further increase in the cost of traditional technology labor to form a scissors gap, coupled with the local government to increase incentives for prefabricated buildings, it can now be said that,PCCompared with the cost of traditional technology, it is basically flat or even slightly advantageous.

When deeply interpreting the spirit of the documents of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council's "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening the Management of Urban Planning and Construction" and the State Council's "Guiding Opinions on Vigorously Developing Prefabricated Buildings", we must grasp the two most important connotations. One is“Realize the factory production of building parts and components”,“Encourage construction enterprises to assemble construction”. Two is“Strive to be in10In about the year, the proportion of prefabricated buildings in new buildings has reached30%”.

In the next step, the main role of local governments in implementing the spirit of the above documents is to increase the force mechanism, and the other is to introduce incentive policies and do a good job in demonstration work. In Shanghai, for example, the development of prefabricated buildings is in full swing, and its core point is the reverse force.+Rewards. Provisions of the Shanghai Municipal Government2016From the beginning of the year, all new civil buildings within the outer ring road shall be fabricated buildings;50%and increased year by year.

The main venue of the Dunhuang Cultural Expo has become a classic example of factory-assembled development, and China State Construction Engineering Corporation only uses8It was completed in a good, economical and fast time in the next month. Not only the structure was assembled, the mechanical and electrical equipment was assembled, and the decoration was also assembled. The assembly rate reached91.92%and created a new“Dunhuang Miracle”. The demonstration experience of the main venue of the Dunhuang Cultural Expo shows that prefabricated buildings must be better, more economical, and faster to replace the cast-in-place system. This is not based on human will. The development of science and technology should also follow the Marxist philosophical point of view, that is, historical materialism and dialectical materialism. We can solve the problem of epistemology with the viewpoint of historical materialism, that is, why China should vigorously develop prefabricated buildings at this stage; we can solve the problem of methodology with the viewpoint of dialectical materialism, that is, what kind of prefabricated buildings are there and how do we choose. Analyze the rights and wrongs and the ins and outs of major technologies from the perspective of development, and find a feasible route with comprehensive and dialectical thinking.

To meet the challenges of assembly buildings, we need to transform and develop in an all-round way. For local governments, we must increase the reverse force mechanism, implement the incentive policy, strengthen the demonstration and guidance, and seize the opportunity to develop the industrialization of prefabricated buildings to enhance the local economic strength. For the construction party, the assembly mode must be adopted, the cost must be reduced, and the benefits must be brought to the majority of users. For the designer, it must adopt the assembly mode, it must be the assembly design, and it must have the new design core ability. For the construction side, it must be assembly construction, must plan as soon as possible to develop the assembly industry, must extend the development of the core capacity of assembly construction.

Extension development, we also need to focus on assembly buildings andBIMThe combination of technology, the combination of assembly building and ultra-low energy passive building, and the combination of assembly building and design and construction general contracting mode are three directional problems. Of course, followingBIMWe also need to study the profound and extensive impact of major information technologies such as cloud computing, big data, Internet of Things, mobile Internet, and artificial intelligence on the development of construction technology and the development of the construction industry.

Profound changes in the market model——Full implementationPPPMode

The State vigorously promotesPPPmodel, gradually formed a huge market size. From the Ministry of FinancePPPProject library look, as2017Year3At the end of the month, the total number of warehousing projects nationwide12287, cumulative investment14.6trillion yuan. Among them, the contracted landing project1729The amount of investment2.9Trillion yuan, landing rate34.5%. Total national demonstration projects700, cumulative investment1.7trillion yuan. Among them, the contracted landing project464The amount of investment1.19Trillion yuan, landing rate66.6%. From the National Development and Reform CommissionPPPProject library look, since2015Since the beginning of the year, the first batch of public promotion to the public1043Projects, Total Investment1.97trillion yuan; the second batch of public promotion1488Projects, Total Investment2.26trillion yuan.

    PPPThe large market of the project brings development opportunities and challenges at the same time. Currently, construction companies are participating.PPPAn obvious phenomenon in terms of projects is that“The country advances and the people retreat”, construction central and state-owned enterprises have undertaken most of the landedPPPprojects, while private enterprises have limited or difficult participation.

The reason is that the local government has concerns about cooperation with private construction companies, and is worried about the high risk of default by private construction companies, which can easily lead to doubts about government supervision, loss of state-owned assets, and benefit transfer. Second, private construction enterprises inPPPThe competitiveness of the project is not strong, especially the limited financing capacity of the short board, so that private construction enterprisesPPPThe project is sighed.

How to Promote the Participation of Private Construction EnterprisesPPPproject? First, local governments should increase support for private construction enterprises, from bothPPPFrom the perspective of the smooth implementation of the project and the effective promotion of the development of construction enterprises in the region, relevant incentive and support policies are formulated. The practice of Jiangsu Province in this regard is worth learning. The thinking of the Jiangsu provincial government is very enlightening.——If Jiangsu enterprises are not allowed to do the projects in Jiangsu, then how can they participate in the competition in other places? Second, private construction enterprises should give full play to their own characteristics and join enterprises with complementary advantages to participate.PPPProject. Private construction enterprises should give full play to the advantages of flexible operating mechanism, high efficiency of management decision-making and the advantages of local enterprises, and according to the actual situation, choose central enterprises and state-owned enterprises that can complement their own advantages for joint bidding.PPPProject. We can also try to solve the problem of shortage of funds through strategic restructuring and cooperation with financial institutions. Third, private construction enterprises can adopt the general contracting model of design and construction, and actively intervene in the implementation ofPPPproject to contract its general contracting business. With the national, provincial, municipal and even county levelPPPWith the continuous landing of projects, the overall scale of the market will exceed the contracting capacity of central and state-owned enterprises in the construction industry, and private construction enterprises will certainly have a bright future. Therefore, private construction enterprises should have the courage to innovate and develop, speed up transformation and upgrading, actively adapt to market changes, fully understand and give full play to their own comparative advantages, improve the level of fine management and risk control ability, and constantly seize development opportunities.

What needs attention is that the deeper reform based on the general contracting of design and construction, namelyPPPmode. The key to design and construction general contracting is to form a rational contractual relationship between A and B that optimizes design, shortens construction period and saves investment in a true sense.PPPIt is a more in-depth reform and the deepening of the reform of investment methods, which will inevitably produce the reform effect of public investment projects to comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of investment, and will not be transferred by human will. It can be concluded that the true meaningPPPIt is necessary to design and construction general contracting, and the real realization of design and construction general contracting is bound to require the comprehensive innovation and promotion of the comprehensive technology of the construction industry. It is believed that this will be an inevitable requirement for transformation and development under the new economic normal, as well as an inevitable requirement for supply-side structural reform and innovation.

In promoting the development of design and construction general contracting, we should not only pay attention to the innovative experience of design and construction general contracting in the true sense of China Railway Engineering and China Construction. We should also pay attention to the innovative experience of the connotative design and construction general contracting of Zhongtian and Suzhong Construction. Of course, we should also pay attention to the innovative experience of modern group, Hualan group and other design and construction general contracting with design as the leader. In particular, it should be noted that the experience of Zhongtian and Suzhong Construction inPPPThere is new development space under the model, which is to undertake.PPPThe general contracting of design and construction in the project creates value for Party A.

PromotionPPPAfter that, central enterprises, state-owned enterprises and some listed companies achieved leapfrogging and transformation, from construction contractorsPPPIntegrated contractor transformation, access to investment, construction, operation3benefits. If other enterprises cannot transform, but they must also leapfrog, they must find new market segments, and rely on design and construction general contracting for new ones.PPPProject owners create value.

Profound changes in the way of government regulation——a new round of construction industry reform

The deep-seated reforms of the construction industry involved in the "Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of the Construction Industry" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions") of the State Council include: First, the reform of the construction market model. The opinion requires,“Accelerate the implementation of general contracting. In principle, assembly buildings should adopt the general contracting model. Government-invested projects should take the lead in implementing general contracting”. The second is about the reform of the bidding system. The opinion,“Narrow and strictly define the scope of construction projects that must be tendered”,“In the housing construction project of private investment, explore the way of contracting by the construction unit.”. The third is about the reform of government supervision. The opinion requires,“Further simplify the qualification category and registration of engineering construction enterprises and reduce unnecessary qualification”. And in the implementation of the main responsibility for the quality of the project,“Especially to strengthen the primary responsibility of the construction unit”. The fourth is the reform of the main responsibility of quality supervision. The opinion requires,“The funds required for the performance of the functions of the supervisory body shall be fully guaranteed by the financial budget at the same level.”. At the same time, the government can“Entrust qualified social forces to carry out project quality supervision and inspection”,“Select some areas to carry out the pilot project of supervision units reporting quality supervision to the government.”. Fifth, it is about the reform of the payment method of the project and the reform of the bid price. The opinion requires,“Timely and full advance payment to the contractor as agreed in the contract.”,“Restraint the performance of the construction unit through economic and legal means such as payment guarantee for the project.”.“For government investment projects that adopt conventional general technical standards, in principle, the lowest price will be applied to win the bid, and the role of performance guarantee will be effectively played to prevent malicious low-cost bids and ensure that the project investment does not exceed the budget.”.

Among them, with regard to the reform of the market model, the design and construction general contracting model is clearly encouraged; with regard to the reform of the bidding system, it is clear that according to the re-requirements of the investment subject, social capital investment projects are no longer simple and one size fits all; with regard to the reform of the mode of government supervision, it is clear that the establishment of a quality supervision system should be studied.

These reforms are deep-seated, the direction is correct, and the effect is expected by the construction industry. The key now is to see how and when these reforms will fall to the ground. It is worth paying attention to a series of supporting documents that will be issued in the follow-up.

 World Events-"The Belt and Road Initiative”Strategy

    “The Belt and Road Initiative”Since the strategic concept was put forward for more than three years, with the strengthening of infrastructure interconnection, it has driven the construction of a large number of major projects and brought new market expansion space to construction enterprises.“The Belt and Road Initiative”It is a big pattern, big thinking and big strategy.

To promote the implementation of the construction industry“The Belt and Road Initiative”Strategy, in-depth development of international capacity cooperation in the construction industry, with the approval of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the approval of the National Development and Reform Commission, the China Construction Industry Association initiated the establishment of the China Construction Industry International Capacity Cooperation Enterprise Alliance. The alliance will be guided by the needs of construction enterprises, provide comprehensive services such as policies, finance, laws, standards, and information, exchange and cooperate with foreign economic organizations, and build a cooperation platform for construction enterprises. The alliance will also cooperate with relevant government departments to strengthen industry self-discipline, promote coordination and cooperation between enterprises, and promote the sustainable development of international production capacity cooperation in the construction industry.

China Construction Industry Association Actively Guide Construction Enterprises to Practice“The Belt and Road Initiative”Strategy, on the one hand, set up an important experience exchange platform and hold an experience exchange conference once a year; on the other hand, closely follow and investigate the successful practice of construction enterprises, such as Yunnan Construction Engineering, Fujian Construction Engineering, Southeast Grid, Suzhong Construction, etc., to promote their“Borrowing a boat to go to sea”,“Baotuan out to sea”,“Integration into the local”,“deep ploughing and fine cropping”Good experience and good practices in innovation.

national affairs——Planning and Construction of Xiongan New Area

The central government decided to plan and build Xiong'an New Area, focusing on building a centralized carrying area for Beijing's non-capital functions, effectively alleviating the disease of Beijing's big cities, and forming new wings with Beijing's urban sub-center. Accelerate to make up for the shortcomings of regional development, improve the quality and level of Hebei's economic and social development, and cultivate and form a new regional growth pole. We will optimize and adjust the urban layout and spatial structure of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, expand new space for development, explore new models for optimizing the development of densely populated and economically dense places, create a new engine for national innovation-driven development, and speed up the construction of a world-class urban agglomeration in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

From the macro, strategic and historical levels, how to plan and build Xiongan New Area. The first is to grasp the three elements of the planning and construction of Xiongan New Area historically.——City skyline, building outline, scientific traffic network. The second is to comprehensively control the core values of planning and construction.——Low carbon, simple and practical. The third is to deeply understand the important role of its special politics, economy, society, culture and history.——A classic example of a modern international metropolis that interprets the historical responsibility of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, a millennium plan.

At present, we must not only grasp the correct development direction of the planning and construction of an international metropolis, but also be soberly aware that our country will historically assume the responsibility of the leader of this development direction. The first is to learn from, to have an accurate judgment on the merits. In the United States, for example, on the one hand, general urban planning and construction by Howard“Pastoral City”Ideas affect, spread the pie, car wheels on the country, land and energy serious waste. On the other hand, the planning and construction of the central business district of an international metropolis (taking Manhattan, New York as an example) has done its best to save land space, creating a precedent for many international metropolises. The traffic network is densely covered, so it is not a small account on the traffic flow and traffic network, but a big account on the building height and floor area ratio. On this basis, the coordination of height, volume, color and style between high-rise and super high-rise buildings is emphasized, and the formation of architectural contour lines is emphasized.

According to economists' prediction, China's economic aggregate will surpass the United States to become the world's largest economy in the near future.2050About the world economy before and after the year.1/3. No matter historically or realistically, China will lead the development direction of world urban planning and construction, which is an indispensable part of the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

Using low-carbon, simple and practical principles to do a good job in urban planning and construction should become the values that lead the development direction.

We should think deeply about the combination of general regulations and landmark buildings, that is, the coordination of height, volume, color and style; the combination of low-carbon cities and low-carbon buildings, that is, the requirements of simplicity, practicality and rationality; the combination of scientific traffic network and building floor area ratio.

Industry Events——increase confidence

    2016The annual gross domestic product reached74.4Trillion yuan, growth6.7%, contributed more to global economic growth30%Investment in fixed assets of the whole society (excluding farmers)59.7Trillion yuan, growth8.1%of which infrastructure investment11.9Trillion yuan, growth17.4%.2016Value added of construction industry in4.95Trillion yuan, growth6.6%; Gross output value of construction industry19.4Trillion yuan, year-on-year growth7.1%The growth rate increased over the previous year.4.8%. This is the growth rate of the total output value of the construction industry since2011Annual Continuum5For the first time, there was a rebound after a decline in. Total amount of contracts signed throughout the year37.4Trillion yuan, year-on-year growth10.79%, of which the newly signed contract amount21.3Trillion yuan, year-on-year growth15.42%. In these two indicators, the growth rate of the total amount of contracts signed ended the continuous.5The annual decline in the situation, the growth rate of new contracts is from negative to positive.

The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the development of the construction industry.32Years later, the State Council once again developed a top-level design for the reform and development of the construction industry. The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development recently issued a document to clarify six major development goals and put forward nine major tasks. The planning and construction of Xiong'an New Area will strongly promote the development of the construction industry. As a national event, the planning and construction of Xiongan New area has attracted the attention of the world as soon as the news is released. From the singing of relevant concept stocks in the stock market, we can see the great significance of Xiongan New area to economic development. The planning and construction of Xiongan New Area will bring a huge market in infrastructure construction, green energy-saving buildings, prefabricated buildings, and intelligent buildings. The State vigorously promotesPPPmode andPPPWith the continuous landing of the project, the construction industry has ushered in a broader space for development. The development of prefabricated buildings is accelerating, and local governments represented by Shanghai continue to increase the promotion of prefabricated buildings, and gradually form a market force mechanism.“The Belt and Road Initiative”Strategy to speed up the construction enterprises“Go out.”The pace.2016Year, our enterprises in“The Belt and Road Initiative”Along the line61New contracts for foreign contracted projects signed by countries8158, contract amount1260.3Billion U.S. dollars, accounting for the same period of China's foreign contracted projects signed new contracts.51.6%, year-on-year growth36%.

The above situation shows that we should have full confidence in the development of the construction industry. Confidence is having good expectations of yourself and your actions. A confident person is more attractive and trustworthy. Losing nothing can lose faith. A life without faith will be an imperfect life.

To sum up, we analyze the three changes and three major events that the reform and development of the construction industry is undergoing. We must learn to adapt to the general trend, grasp the overall situation, formulate major strategies, and continuously improve strategic thinking ability, innovative thinking ability and dialectical thinking ability. Highlight the transformation and innovation of the construction industry, that is, do more in-depth research on the new development space and new market segmentation of the supply-side structural reform of the construction industry. (Source: China Construction Network)